Neuroscience
Major leap towards reanimation after death as mammal's brain preserved
Major leap towards reanimation after death as mammal's brain preserved A pig's brain has been frozen with its cellular activity locked in place and minimal damage. Could our brains one day be preserved in a way that locks in our thoughts, feelings and perceptions? An entire mammalian brain has been successfully preserved using a technique that will now be offered to people who are terminally ill. The intention is to preserve all the neural information thought necessary to one day reconstruct the mind of the person it once belonged to. "They would need to donate their brain and body for scientific research," says Borys Wróbel at Nectome in San Francisco, California, a research company focused on memory preservation.
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China Approves the First Brain Chips for Sale--and Has a Plan to Dominate the Industry
While the United States and Europe are moving cautiously forward with clinical trials, China is racing toward the commercialization of brain implants. China has made history by becoming the first nation to approve a commercially available brain chip to treat a disability. NEO, the implant developed by Neuracle Medical Technology, translates the thoughts of a person with paralysis into movements of an assistive robotic hand. After 18 months of testing that proved its safety, China's National Medical Products Administration authorized the implant for people aged 19 to 60 with paralysis caused by neck or spinal cord injuries that prevent them from moving their limbs. According Nature, the implant embedded in the skull is about the size of a coin.
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Information-based Adaptive Stimulus Selection to Optimize Communication Efficiency in Brain-Computer Interfaces
Boyla Mainsah, Dmitry Kalika, Leslie Collins, Siyuan Liu, Chandra Throckmorton
Stimulus-drivenbrain-computer interfaces (BCIs), such astheP300 speller,rely onusing asequence ofsensory stimuli toelicit specific neural responses ascontrol signals, while a user attends to relevant target stimuli that occur within the sequence. In current BCIs, the stimulus presentation schedule is typically generated in a pseudo-random fashion. Given the non-stationarity of brain electrical signals, a better strategy could be to adapt the stimulus presentation schedule in real-time by selecting the optimal stimuli that will maximize the signal-to-noise ratios of the elicited neural responses and provide the most information about the user's intent based on the uncertainties of the data being measured. However, the high-dimensional stimulus space limits the development of algorithms with tractable solutions for optimized stimulus selection to allow for real-time decision-making within the stringent time requirements of BCI processing.
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